Characteristics Of An Airline Industry - 1071 Words

Delta Inc. - Characteristics of An Industry â€Å"Delta Air Lines is one of the world s largest airline carriers in the world. Through its regional carriers, the company serves about 330 destinations in about 60 countries, and it operates a mainline fleet of 800-plus aircraft, as well as maintenance, repair, overhaul, and cargo operations† (Hoover’s Inc., 2017). When analyzing the airline industry, it is important to look at the dominant economic features of that industry. The air line industry is considerably large and has reached its’ maturity stage; it is not really growing or declining. There are many independent companies within the industry and some are bigger than others; such as Delta, American Airlines and United, but even smaller†¦show more content†¦Because the airline industry requires a lot of money and other financial resources to provide its’ type of service, it is very capital intensive. Because of Delta Inc.’s capital-intensive nature and fixed costs, barriers to ent ry are low. According to the IATA (International Air Transport Association), about 1,300 new airlines were established in the last 40 years (Cederholm, 2014). Capital is not the only reason there are low entries into the industry: sophisticated knowledge and skill sets can be a challenge when trying to fill positions, and there are many federal and government regulations and laws that must be adhered to which can be a deterrent during initial start-up. Market Share. The passenger air transportation market is a thriving industry, taking individuals to locations around the globe. In 2015, Delta Air Lines was the largest airline in the world based on sales, reaching more than 40 billion U.S. dollars in sales revenue. In 2016 Delta Inc. had a big fall in earnings. Increased costs from a new pilot contract drove the bulk of the year-over-year decline, with a decrease in unit revenue doing the rest of the damage. Conversely, â€Å"Delta expects passenger revenue per available seat mile (PRASM) to return to growth in Q1 for the first time in more than two years. If unit revenue remains on its upward trajectory this year, the company could return to margin expansion by the second half of 2017† (Levine-Weinberg, 2017). Strengthening passengerShow MoreRelatedPorters Five Forces - the Airline Industry1238 Words   |  5 PagesAbstract In this paper I will be analyzing the airline industry using Porter’s Five Forces. Porter’s Five Forces is a business management tool that allows firms to possess a clearer perception of the forces that shape the competitive environment of an industry, and to better understand what these forces indicate about profitability with regard to the microenvironment. The forces include Competitors, Threat of Entry, Substitutes, Suppliers, and Customers. When firms are able to widen their conceptionRead MoreCurrent Situation of Airline Industry1122 Words   |  5 PagesCurrent Situation of Airline Industry Since the airline industry was deregulated in the late 1970s, they shall hold the line on the number of planes they fly. The result is that the people by plane shall be more and more, and the fares shall become expensive. Because air transport is faster than other transportation methods, the people increasingly prefer to fly. The air transportation shall be an important transportation method in the future, and the people engaged in air transportation shall haveRead MoreOligopoly Behavior in the Airline Industry. Case Analysis647 Words   |  3 PagesOligopoly Behavior in the Airline Industry. Case Analysis This case illustrates the pricing behavior of firms that are oligopoly whose market is characterized by the relative few participating firms offering differentiated or standardized products or services. Such firms in an oligopoly have market power derived from barriers of entry that wards off potential participants. As seen in the case, it is clear that because there are a small n umber of US Airlines firms competing with each other, theirRead MoreMarketing Plan For A Company Essay1601 Words   |  7 Pagesanalyze the industry in which your selected Company/Brand operates. For example, Coach operates in the luxury handbag industry. 1 - Using outside sources (cite and reference each source), provide an analysis of the industry. Include specifics on competing brands when possible. Ideas of information to search for: market size/growth rate, industry sales, market share among competitors, current trends, consumer characteristics, product differentiation strategies, and other similar industry data. IndustryRead MoreThe International Air Transport Association Essay1519 Words   |  7 Pagesapplies particularly to the competitive aviation industry. It has evolved rapidly since the first commercial flight in 1914 (Johanson, 2014). Airlines need to rival on various facets such as fares, services, products, routes, schedules, frequent flyer programs and customer service in order to gain a competitive edge (Hussain, Nasser Hussain, 2015). According to the International Air Transport Association [IATA], (2016), who represents 265 airlines, a total of 3.5 billion passengers traveled in 2015Read MoreCorporate Culture Southwest Airlines1276 Words   |  6 PagesDiscuss the corporate culture at Southwest Airlines and how it leverages its culture to achieve a competitive advantage. The corporate culture at Southwest Airlines can be defined within three areas including, core value, management style, and compensation. Southwest Airlines organization structure incorporated several areas but I was impressed with these three the most. Southwest Airlines had two core values, which emphasized on LUV and fun. Not only was LUV the company’s signature symbolRead MoreThe Merger Of U.s. Airways And American Airlines1170 Words   |  5 PagesSince the merger of U.S. Airways and American Airlines, most people would now agree we are living in the age of airline oligopoly. Oligopolies form when there’s a state of restricted competition, and new companies cannot break into the industry for reasons like high-entry costs or government restrictions. This is the condition of the airline industry, today. In order to breach the oligopolistic nature of the airline industry, airlines must be able to break through high barriers to entry such as:Read MoreSkywest Case Study - 5 Forces Analysis Essay794 Words   |  4 PagesInc. 1. The dominant characteristics of the U.S. regional airline industry are they are mostly controlled by larger airlines or have a contract with them to secure flights. . Most regional airlines are there for smaller communities to access a flight to the major hubs. Most of the regional airlines service to major airports, so they are connected or part of a servicing contract with national airlines, who in turn are part of the operations of the global airline industry. Smaller aircraft and retiredRead MoreSouth West Airline919 Words   |  4 PagesWhile the major airlines in the United Stated were making a lost of approximately $8 billion, Southwest was the only airline company that was profitable as well as facing a rapid grow-with a 25 percent sales increase in 1992. In 2005, Southwest was the sixth largest airline in United Stated. The success of Southwest is mainly linked to its pricing strategy, it positioned itself as a low-price, short hauls and bare bones operation. There are numerous distinctive characteristics that had lead toRead MoreBusiness Strategy Tools1065 Words   |  5 Pagesseries of fundamental business strategy tools (including industry analysis, competitive strategy and resource and capability tools) and techniques to the formulation and analysis of value creation and capture at a strategic level. Porter 5 Force analysis Porter framework assumes: 1. industry structure drives competitive behaviour 2. Industry structure is (fairly) stable. [pic] Case: Airline Industry †¦. Porter’s 5 forces – purpose: Identifying the different

Gender Codes In Advertising Have Hugely Impacted My Own

Gender codes in advertising have hugely impacted my own views and how I currently interact with friends, families, and even strangers that I see walking around on the streets. It is pointed out by Sut Jhally (2009) that the reason for this being, masculinity and femininity are strongly portrayed in advertisements as two completely opposite things. In most ads, men are shown as strong human beings with complete control of whatever problems may arise to them whereas women are shown the complete opposite. Their bodies are usually in positions that suggest that they’re being controlled by men and are completely dependant on them not being able to face troubles that may arise (Jhally, 2009). This expectation of what masculinity is, is shown all†¦show more content†¦Advertisements not only change your perspective of others but in fact changes theirs as well towards you. When advertisements show men, they depict them as strong, action-ready, emotionless characters that are m uscular and almost like animals as shown in The Codes of Gender: Identity and Performance in Pop Culture. This sets a standard for other men to fit into and not doing so has dire consequences. When walking around and interacting with new people, I automatically try to fit into these criteria that the advertisements have created to define masculinity because if I don’t then I feel like they judge me based on what ideologies they’ve been brought up with, which is mostly like the same advertisements that separates masculinity and femininity completely. I believe this has been encoded to us so thoroughly that if you don’t succumb to his categorization then you’re not as approachable compared to someone who is. Women are also sexualized in a majority of advertisements which consequentially alters the thoughts of men around us into having certain expectations for them. Goffman (2009) argues that women are often shown lying down in vulnerable sexually available positions, and even biting on their lips and pulling on their skirts in advertisements. Personally, I have seen this effect my friends because as men they’ve fallen into this trap of the ritualization of subordination women. When we’re in school together walking down the hallways they always judgeShow MoreRelatedCross Cultural Communication9880 Words   |  40 Pagesdifferences - known as cultural diversity. 1. Introduction The advent of the global economy is changing the fundamental nature of our governments, businesses, organizations and populations. In short, we are no longer constrained by state boundaries but have all become part of an interdependent international network. One of the key changes this has triggered is the need to communicate effectively with different people in different languages and from different cultures. It is now recognized that linguisticRead MoreA Concise Guide to Market Research Using Spss71933 Words   |  288 Pagestoilet paper that made Procter Gamble the undisputed leader in the US toilet paper market. In Germany, however, Charmin was unknown to consumers, something Procter Gamble decided to change in the early 2000s. Acknowledging that European consumers have different needs and wants than their US counterparts, the company conducted massive market research efforts with hundreds of potential customers. The research included focus group interviews, observational stud ies, and large-scale surveys. These revealedRead MoreI Love Reading Essay69689 Words   |  279 Pagesbecome an entrepreneur Highest motivation – Variations according to region Motivation – Variations according to gender Motivation – Variations according to age Motivation – Variations according to family background Motivation – Variations according to time periods Motivation – Variations according to level of work experience Positive factors Positive factors – Variations according to gender Positive factors – Variations according to age Family support to entrepreneurs Family support – Variations accordingRead More65 Successful Harvard Business School Application Essays 2nd Edition 147256 Words   |  190 Pagesannually, and you are uncertain how to make your ap.... plication stand out. We understand. We have been in your shoes. This book seeks to demystifythe admissions process for applicants by providing a selective b ut robust sample of HBS essaysthat have sue, cessfullysurvived the admissions committee in the past. We aspire to show you a variety of writing styles, essay responses, and applicant backgrounds that have been successful in the past, but there are no foolproofprescriptions, shorts cuts, or magicRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesendings that accord with major shifts in political and socioeconomic circumstances and dynamics rather than standard but arbitrary chronological break points. In the decades that followed the Great War, the victorious European powers appeared to have restored, even expanded, their global political and economic preeminence only to see it eclipsed by the emergence of the Soviet and U.S. superpowers on their periphery and a second round of even more devastating global conflict. The bifurcated internationalRead MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 Pagescontinuation of profitable earnings? As we continue to experience the twenty-first century’s economic, social, and political churning, how will these driving factors be influenced by the brutally competitive global economy in which organizations do not have any particular geographic identity or travel under any particular national passport? What will be the effect of the rapid gyrations in markets that emphasize the difficulties that accounting practices face in determining true performance costs and

The Bloody Sunday-Industrialists Free Essays

Working conditions are intolerable; our situation is becoming more excruciating as the time goes by. Father Gapon has been like a ray of Gratifying light that has shone through our darkened hope and made it come to life once again. Four members of the Assembly of Russian workers were dismissed at the putilov iron works 2 days ago and father Gapon true to his word has assisted us by calling for industrial action. We will write a custom essay sample on The Bloody Sunday-Industrialists or any similar topic only for you Order Now 110,000 workers in St Petersburg, including myself, have now gone out on strike. We now sit impatiently anxious to see what our next step of action shall be and how it may affect our life in the days yet to come. Will we fail and go back to our insufferable conditions as they were before, Will we come out on top and get given the tolerable treatment we deserve, or worse yet will we suffer such a humiliating defeat that our conditions worsen from what they once were. Sitting here I can not help but allow such thoughts to surface in my mind, after all this is a significant action by which my life can suffer a vast transformation, whether it will be for better or worse, is still yet to come. January 18th Another day has begun and yet another decision has been made Father Gapon has decided to make a personal appeal to the Tsar. He has wrote a petition asking to give us healthier working conditions, we have requested a reduction in working days from 10hours to 8hours, a increase in wages and an improvement in working conditions amongst others. The response to our petition amongst the workers is overwhelming as an infinite amount of people have signed the petition. We shall go to the winter palace on the 22nd of January to present our petition, in hopes to get a positive response to the requests we have made. I live in hope till the day comes for us to present our petition to the tsar and receive a response expectantly a constructive one at that. 22nd January 1905 As we marched through the Winter palace we were road blocked by the army, we attempted to get them out of our way in a calm and rational manner however despite our attempts they refused to move and let us in. Unable to think of any alternative we only saw one action we could take that could possibly give us an opportunity to move the army out of our path. Crouching down to the ground the protestors and I gathered stones of the ground and regrettably threw them at the army, although it was regrettable we had no alternative, the army put us in a tough situation from which we could not get out of without putting up a fight. The army inevitably fought back using water cannon and rubber bullets to disperse of the crowd we had formed, however as they begun to fight back we refused to back down, we wanted our rights to be given to us, we wanted to be treated with respect and be addressed to by others with some common decency, is that so much to ask? What we did was not a crime we could have gone much further with the matter however we did not, we merely stood up for our own rights. We all began to scream and panic scattering away from one another as a trigger was pulled and a gun shot was heard going off. Within seconds thirteen of our allies are lying dead on the ground they had just minutes ago picked stones up from, others were wounded and the remainder in shock. The army when questioned claimed they only returned fire, however how could this be true when we approached the winter palace unarmed? It is undeniably clear that we could not have fired any shots, we did not fire any shots, and the only shots that were fired were those of the armed force. How to cite The Bloody Sunday-Industrialists, Papers

Mending Wall Poetry Analysis free essay sample

The neighbour keeps resorting back to the same simple argument and point of his father’s saying, â€Å"Good fences make good neighbours. † The speaker continues to remain unconvinced and presses the neighbour’s old-fashioned stubborn claims to be overlooked despite his reluctance to be swayed. The piece remarkably is quite simplistic in the way that the vocabulary of the poem contains no real fancy words, most are short and the majority can be used in conversion in everyday life. There are no stanza breaks, obvious ending rhymes or overall rhyme scheme observed either. The repetition of whole lines is surveyed twice throughout the poem however. â€Å"Something there is that doesn’t love a wall,† is the opening line of the piece and is repeated on line thirty-six. This is a reoccurring idea that this wall should not be up standing in the first place as it is unnecessary. Frost says that there is a natural force that tears down these walls as they are unnatural. We will write a custom essay sample on Mending Wall Poetry Analysis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The repetition emphasises that it only separates us from being able to build last longing relationships from those who may be on the opposite side to that fence. The other replication noticed is of the motto of the neighbour’s father, â€Å"Good fences make good neighbours. † This phrase holds a very strong importance to the speaker’s neighbour. In no way, shape or form does the man over the wall want to change his sturdy built tradition of his father’s trusty and wise wisdom. Frost would rather the neighbour think for himself and for him to grasp the opportunity to do something different rather than continue to â€Å"move in darkness† and let go of the unneeded barrier between that lies between them. One interpretation is that Frost could be trying to convey is one of unnecessary barriers and dead-ends. Excuses not to alter their lives, not to form new friendships or develop and build even stronger ones. The title Mending Wall could mean anything but fixing the fence between the two blocks of land but refer instead to the broken relationship that exists between two human beings.

Tlc Lab Report Sample

Tlc Lab Report Paper Food color additives are dyes, pigments or substances that impart color when applied to a food, drug, cosmetic, or the human body. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is responsible for regulating all color additives used in the United States. All color additives permitted for use in foods are classified as exempt from certification or certifiable. Color additives that are exempt from certification include pigments that are derived from natural sources such as vegetables minerals or animals, and man-made counterparts of natural derivatives. Certifiable color additives are man-made, with each batch being tested by the manufacturer and the FDA. This approval process, known as color additive certification, assures the safety, quality, consistency and strength of the color additive. Color additives are available for use in food as either dyes or lakes. Dyes dissolve in water, lakes are the water insoluble form of the dye, are more stable than dyes, and are ideal for coloring products containing fats and oils. Laura Red AC is a red ago dye that goes by several names including: Laura Red, FDAC Red 40 and disposed 6-hydroxyl-5-((2-methods-5-methyl-4- sullenly)ago)-2-naphthalene-sultanate. It is used as a food dye and has the appearance of a dark red powder. Originally introduced in the United States as a replacement for the use of amaranth as a food coloring, its use has been linked in recent years to increased hyperactivity in children. We will write a custom essay sample on Tlc Lab Report specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Tlc Lab Report specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Tlc Lab Report specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In Europe, Laura Red AC is not recommended for consumption by children, and although the European Union approves Laura Red AC as a food coloration, the some of the EX. Countries local laws ban it entirely, including Denmark, Belgium, France, Switzerland, and Sweden. In Norway, it was banned between 1978 and 2001 , a period in which ago dyes were only legally used in alcoholic beverages and some fish products. In the United States, Laura Red AC is approved by the Food and Drug Administration for use in cosmetics, drugs, and food. It is used in some tattoo inks and is used in many products, such as soft drinks, childrens medications, and cotton candy. There are seven certified colors approved for use in food in the United States. Five can be found in M M @ candies: Blue 1, Blue 2, Red 40, Yellow 5, and Yellow 6. Chromatography is an important separation technique that depends on differences in both absorption and solubility. One type of chromatography is Thin Layer Chromatography in which a small amount (dot) of the mixture to be operated is placed close to the edge of a piece of chromatography paper. The plate is then set in a developing solution (mobile phase), with the level of the solution below the dots. As the developing solution ascends up the plate by capillary action, the components of the sample are carried along at different rates. To prevent evaporation of the developing solution, this process is carried out in a closed container. Each component of the mixture will move a definite distance on the TTL plate in proportion to the distance that the solvent moves. This ratio, [pica can be calculated for each component, to aid in identification. Retention factor values are dependent upon the TTL plate, developing solution, and sample size. Candies, such as M Ms, contain FDA (Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act) dyes, sugars, and other organic and inorganic substances in their coatings. To extract the dye from the candy, an acidic solution (in this case, 5% acetic acid) can be used. Once the dye is in the acid solution, a piece of 100% wool can be used to extract the dye from the solution. Then, if the wool is placed in a solution of MM ammonia, the ammonia supplies sufficient to reduce the concentration of the H+ and shift the equilibrium to the left, which releases the dyes. WOOL + DYE + H + ( DYED WOOL* Objectives By preparing for and performing this experiment, you will: Isolate they FDA dyes present in the coating of M candy; Use thin layer chromatography to separate dyes from each other; Investigate the relationship between molecular structure and retention factor; Compare your samples to standards; Identify the dyes present in the various colors of M. Red 40 and other dyes are listed on the ingredients of M candy. In this experiment, you will study samples of M to determine which dyes are in each colored candy. You will first use acid, wool, and ammonia to extract and isolate the dyes, and then you will run TTL to separate the dyes. If samples containing known FDA dyes are run as standards, it is possible to identify the dyes used in the candy coatings. Purpose: Which food dyes are present in the candy coating of M candies? Note: Each student should be responsible for one color. Every color needs to be done by at least two students in each section so there is data to compare. Task should collect data on the computer or board, and students must have a full set in their notebooks/computer file before leaving lab. Materials Chemicals (hood/balance bench): 5% acetic acid solution MM ammonia Ms candies Standard solutions Mobile phase solvent (4:4:1:2 mixture of Somali alcohol, ethanol, water, and ammonia) Other Equipment: TTL plates Wool yarn (pre-cut into CACM strips) Procedures Extracting the Dyes: 1. Place 5 candy pieces of the same color into a small beaker. Pour enough acetic acid solution into each tube to just cover all of the candy pieces, around 5 ml. 2. Agitate the beaker carefully for about 30-45 seconds, or until the color comes off of the candy. Be careful to dissolve as little as possible of the white are (sugar) under the colored layer and do not dissolve any of the chocolate. Immediately decant the colored solution into a clean test tube, trying not to transfer any of the sediment. Repeat with the other colors for which you are responsible. 3. Now you need to extract the dye from the solution onto the strips of yarn. To do this, place one piece of yarn into each test tube of colored solution. Heat the tubes in a boiling water bath for 8-10 minutes. You can remove the tubes from the water when the solution is milky-white and the yarn is the color of the dye, in other words, when all of the dye has been extracted from the solution. . Remove the dyed yarn from the solution and rinse it with distilled water. If you wish you may cut -2 SMS off each piece of yarn as a souvenir. Let these dry on a piece of paper, and you may take them away with you to keep if youd like. . Now it is necessary to extract the dye from the yarn and get it back into solution. Into a large clean test tube, place a piece of colored yarn and no more than ml of MM ammonia. Make sure that the yarn is immersed and mix with a stirring rod, rinsing the stirring rod before placing it in each tube so as not to mix any of the colors. 6. Heat the tubes containing the yarn and ammonia in the water bath for 10 minutes or until the color o f the yarn has faded. Remove the yarn. 7. You now may need to concentrate each color. To get some feel for just how concentrated each color should be, take a small test tube and using a dropper add 5 drops of water to the test tube. This is the amount of each color that you require. 8. To concentrate your dyes, place the dye in a clean evaporating dish and very carefully heat it on a hotplate. Be careful here, if the dye goes dry then the heat from the burner will decompose the dye. Separating and identifying the dyes: . Once all of your samples have been concentrated, it is now possible to run TTL plates on the dyes and the standards. You should divide up the work, but all standards and your samples need to be run. 2. To prepare your plates, draw a thin line with a pencil about 1 CM from the bottom of the plate. With a toothpick or capillary tube, place a small dot of standard or sample along the line. After a few seconds, dot the same spot again to make it more concentrated. You can probably do two or three substances per plate. 3. The mobile phase solvent is a 4:4:1:2 mixture of Somali alcohol, ethanol, water, and ammonia. Place about 10 ml or so of this mixture in the bottom of a 1 50 ml beaker.

A Cultural Approach to Communication Essays

A Cultural Approach to Communication Essays A Cultural Approach to Communication Essay A Cultural Approach to Communication Essay A Cultural Approach to Communica0on CLA1201 SemA 2012 Department of Media and Communica0on City University of Hong Kong Recap of Last Week’s Lecture ? We discussed the psychological e? ects of media on the audience ? The media e? ects research tradi0on draws from psychology and sociology ? It is generally quan0ta0ve (i. e. , using numbers and formulas to represent knowledge) and scien0? c (i. e. , lab experiments. ) ? But there are some limita0ons to this approach. Cri0que of the â€Å"E? ect Approach† ? The â€Å"effect approach† (or scienti? c approach) of communication research –? Reduces â€Å"cultural questions† to measurable and veri? ble categories –? Depends on â€Å"rigidly objectivity† –? Serves advertisers and media organizations primarily –? Narrowly focuses on audience individual behavior, ignoring questions like â€Å"where are media industries taking us† –? Refuses to place the research in a broader social and historical context ? Instead, historical and cultural approaches should be used to focus on the long-range effect of mass media. Di? erent Methods: Cultural Studies vs. E? ect Studies ? The â€Å"cultural approach† often uses methods such as audience ethnography and textual analysis, which has previously been used primarily in humanities (e. . literary studies). ? The â€Å"effect approach†, or generally understood as the â€Å"communic ation studies†, uses methods such as survey research, content analysis and experiments. Origin of the Cultural Approach ? Originated in Europe, where an interpretive approach (as in literary criticism) is preferred to a scienti? c approach. ? In? uenced by Marxism: mass media operate primarily to justify and support the existing power at the expense of ordinary people –? Old-fashioned Marxists believed people were oppressed by those who owned the means of production, or the base. –? Neo-Marxists believe people are oppressed by those who control the culture, or the superstructure. ? Its goal is to bring about change in government media policies or even fundamental change in media and cultural systems. The Frankfurt School ? It emerged in the United States in 1930s when a group of scholars escaped to US from Nazi Germany, where Hitler effectively used mass media to control the minds of the public. The Frankfurt School (Cont. ) ? These scholars analyzed products of mass culture within the context of cultural industries and focused on features of –? Commodi? cation –? Standardization –? Massi? cation ? They believe cultural industries provide legitimation for capitalism and serve to integrate individuals into mass culture through â€Å"false consciousness†. Frankfurt School scholars were the ?rst to: ? Comment on the role of â€Å"cultural industries† in the functioning of modern societies –? Agents of socialization (positively presenting social norms) –? Mediators of political reality –? Maintaining the status quo and legitimating dominant power ? Systematically analyze and criticize mass-mediated culture But†¦ Its distinction between high and low culture, and preference for high culture over low culture shows an elitist bias. –? Seeing mass culture as monolithic, duping a mass of consumers –? An idealistic view of â€Å"authentic art† Adorno and Horkheimer The work of art in the age of mechanical reproduction, Walter Benjamin BBC Modern Masters Series: Andy Warhol Nor does the distinction recognize that audience may be active, may have their own reading of a text or even become a producer Or give adequate attention to the actual production process of media and their interaction with other social institutions. Bri0sh Cultural Studies:1960s and onwards ? â€Å"The Birmingham School† arose in 1960s when political upheaval swept through Britain. –? A class-based system and widespread inequality –? Mass media tried to integrate the working classes –? In? ow of ethnic population from diverse backgrounds –? Americanization of pop culture –? Feminist movement and Civil Rights movement Characteris0cs of Bri0sh Cultural Studies ? Like the Frankfurt School, British cultural scholars believe mass media may further the will of the dominant class and may oppress subordinate class, gender, race, and ethnic strata. ? Different from the Frankfurt School, they argue audience can resist and struggle against domination. –? Media texts do not have â€Å"transparent† meaning. Texts have different layers of sign systems that audience may interpret differently from media producers. –? Audience is no longer passive. Audience with different social and political orientations decode messages differently. ? Removing â€Å"high vs. low† cultural distinction and embracing popular cultural forms like television and pop music. From Week 2 Slides: How are meanings created and Shared? â€Å"Elephant† The Triangle of Meaning c-o-w† (Signifier) a farm animal (Signified) he animal itself (R) The Triangle of Meaning 1.? Signi? er: the sign/word/picture itself e. g. , â€Å"c-o-w† 1.? Referent: the object or external reality being referred to, e. g. , the physical cow in the farm 2.? Signi? ed: the conventional meaning, e. g. a farm animal, produces milk, etc. The process of interaction among these 3 elements so as to create meanings is called signi? cation. Encoding/Decoding Model (Stuart Hall) ? Dominant Reading ? Negotiated Reading ? Oppositional Reading http://users. aber. ac. uk/dgc/Documents/S4B/sem08c. html ? Financial Times China: Financial Times China: ? Grass Mud Horse†: Internet resistance art wiki-entry:  · Green Dam Girl ? (Song of Grass Mud Horse) What Is â€Å"Worth† Studying? ? Previously studies in humanities focused on highly regarded works of art such as poems, painting and ? lms. ? Now cultural scholars turn to less elite forms of culture: fashion, tabloid magazines, pop icons, rock music, hiphop, soap operas, TV dramas, shopping malls, advertising, reality TV, professional wrestling, etc. ? Scholars try to make sense of the â€Å"taken-for-granted† everyday life and media culture, which they believe can provide insight into broader meanings of society. Textual Analysis ? Highlights the interp retation of cultural messages (books, movies, TV programs) ? Instead of looking for replicability and objectivity of data, textual analysis looks for meanings in rituals and narratives. ? TV: The Most Popular Art (Horace Newcomb)! –? why certain TV programs and formats became popular (e. g. comedies, westerns, mysteries, soap operas, news, sports) –? â€Å"The task for the study of popular art is to ? nd a technique through which many different qualities of the work – aesthetic, social, psychological – may be explored†. (Newcomb, 1974) Audience Studies ? Focuses on how people use and interpret text (cultural content) ? It differs from textual analysis in that the subject of study is now â€Å"audience† instead of â€Å"text†. It explores audience? relation to the text. ? It often combines audience ethnography with some form of textual analysis as methods. Assessing Cultural Studies ? While cultural studies avoid cutting up the culture into high and low, popular and elite, and manage to bring race, gender, and class issues into research focus; ? They suffer from too narrow a focus on cultural text and audience reception, overlooking the production process and the arger political-economic context of media production. ? The celebration of audience freedom in interpreting texts may be carried to far, to the point as if audience alone may produce meaning. Some related schools of thoughts or tradi0ons within â€Å"cultural studies† ? Communication as Rituals? /Construction of Reality ? A ritual view of communicatio n is directed not toward the extension of messages in space for the purpose of control, but toward the maintenance of society in time; not the act of imparting information but the representation of shared beliefs. (James Carey, 1975, p. 18). Communication as Rituals? Construction of Reality? Communication is a process of creating culture ? â€Å"Communication is a symbolic process whereby reality is produced, maintained, repaired and transformed† (James Carey, 1975). The Lippmann- ­? Dewey Debate Walter Lippmann John Dewey Produc0on of Culture Studies how economic and other factors in? uence the way culture is produced, ? nding out rules and routines that govern cultural production (see more in Lecture Two) Entertainment Production News Production Poli0cal Economy Studies ? Political economy studies examine interconnections among economic interests, political power, and how that power is used. ? Major concerns include: –? Increasing concentration of ownership: control of media by fewer and fewer organizations –? Catering to â€Å"what the public want† rather than â€Å"what they need†; the bottom-line is money rather than democratic expressions Ownership and Concentration ? Hori zontal integration ? Vertical integration ? Internationalization ? Multi-sector and multimedia integration Sing Tao Group To summarize, we looked at ? Dominant schools in cultural studies –? Frankfurt School (originated in USA) –? Birmingham School (originated in Britain) ? Changing interest –? A macro-level analysis of popular culture encompassing political economy, texts, and audience, sustained by a â€Å"high culture vs. low culture† divide (Frankfurt School) –? Studying more diverse forms of popular culture; subcultures; as well as issues of identity politics (Birmingham School and onwards) ? Major approaches –? Audience studies (Audience engagement with texts) –? Textural analysis ? Related schools in cultural studies –? Communication as rituals (construction of reality) –? Production of Culture –? Political Economy

Tajikistan civil war (1992-1997) Research Paper

Tajikistan civil war (1992-1997) - Research Paper Example Ethnic groups: Tajik 80%, Uzbek 15%, Russian and others 5%.Religion (2010 Embassy est.): Sunni Muslim 95%, Shi'a Muslim 3%, other 2%. Language: Tajik (the official state language as of 1994, with follow-up legislation in 2009); Russian is widely used in government and business; 74% of the population lives in rural communities where mostly Tajik is spoken. Education: Literacy (according to the Tajikistan Living Standards Survey for 2007)--97.4%. The Tajik education system has been struggling through a period of decline since independence, however, and some evidence suggests functional literacy is much lower. Health (2010 est.): Life expectancy--62.29 years men; 68.52 years women. Infant mortality rate--41.03 deaths/1,000 live births. Work force (2010): The official work force is 2.1 million. The actual number of working age citizens is closer to 4 million. As many as half of all working age males, and an increasing number of females, seek jobs outside of the country, primarily in Russ ia. The Republic of Tajikistan gained its independence during the breakup of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.) on September 9, 1991 and soon fell into a civil war. From 1992 to 1997 internal fighting ensued between old-guard regionally based ruling elites and disenfranchised regions, democratic liberal reformists, and Islamists loosely organized in a United Tajik Opposition (UTO). Other combatants and armed bands that flourished in this civil chaos simply reflected the breakdown of central authority rather than loyalty to a political faction. The height of hostilities occurred between 1992 and 1993. By 1997, the predominantly Kulyabi-led Tajik Government and the UTO had negotiated a power-sharing peace accord and implemented it by 2000. Once guaranteed 30% of government positions, former oppositionists have almost entirely been removed from government as President Rahmon has consolidated power. The last Russian border guards protecting Tajikistan's 1,344 km border w ith Afghanistan completed their withdrawal in July 2005. Russia maintains its military presence in Tajikistan with the basing of the Russian 201st Motorized Rifle Division that never left Tajikistan when it became independent. Most of these Russian-led forces, however, are local Tajik noncommissioned officers and soldiers. Tajikistan's most recent parliamentary elections in 2010 and its 2006 presidential election were considered to be flawed and unfair but peaceful. The parliamentary elections, in which the ruling party secured 55 of the 63 seats, failed to meet many key Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) standards on democratic elections, and some observers saw them as even worse than the flawed 2005 elections. In June 2003, Tajikistan held a flawed referendum to enact a package of constitutional changes, including a provision to allow President Rahmon the possibility of re-election to up to two additional 7-year terms after his term expired in 2006.† Civil War Brief Summary of The Conflict After the civil war in 1992, sporadic fighting continued in remote areas. The road to peace in Tajikistan has been long and tedious. (Tajikistan Civil War), â€Å"The process of national reconciliation in this impoverished Central Asian country was set in motion by a June 1997 UN-mediated settlement between Tajikistan's Moscow-backed government and the

Project Management Theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Project Management Theory - Essay Example A project manager is a person that is responsible for planning, implementing and delivering a project on time and within an allocated budget. A project manager is a multi-skilled professional whose job entails a lot of different roles within a project. The principal role of the project manager is successful completion of a project. His job entails managing the project, business analysis, work design and writing documentation (Lifecyclestep, 2005). He must be able to effectively manage people in order to motivate them and build working relationships to get the most out of his human resources. An efficient utilization of an allocated budget is important since the project manager has to complete the project without going over budget. When a project runs out the money allocated it is at risk of full failure and the project could become sunk costs for the company. Most of the roles and responsibilities of the project manager are illustrated in the list below: The project manager works in a team environment in which he is the person responsible of managing that team. He must motivate the team and utilize his leadership skills to challenge the members and ensure their work complies with the expectations for the project. To better understand the needs of his colleagues he has to listen to them and provide insightful feedback to them. It is important that the workers understand their duties and responsibilities. The project manager has to layout clear guidelines and of what is expected from each member. This is accomplished by good written and verbal communication from the project manager. A company in the process of hiring a project manager must look for a specific set of skills from a professional. An advertisement for a project manager position could look like the example illustrated in the table below: Looking for a motivated project manager with 5-10 experience in various industries with great

Homework Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 6

Homework - Essay Example There were contrasting opinions over the presence of a foreign material in the bottle. While the plaintiff’s believed that it was a condom, the analysts of the Coca Cola Company denied these allegations by terming the foreign particle as being a mold which resembled a condom. Also, Coca Cola argued that the case should not stand as there was no physical injury to any of the plaintiffs and the extent of mental distress as claimed cannot be quantifiable. The Court was therefore left to interpret the validity of the impact rule in cases of emotional distress which is not associated by physical injury. The court was also left to pass a judgment on whether the impact rule was applicable in this case or should it be abolished or amended in Florida. In this case, the court concluded that although it could not validate any impact for which it could apply the impact rule. In my view, the court had rightly made the decision since the plaintiffs could not establish the extent of the emotional distress as a fear of contracting a physical illness alone does not constitute a legally compensable injury. 2. In any society, there are four main functions of law which include Peacekeeping or social control, justice in the society, Environment protection, and personal freedom. The first function mentioned above is peacekeeping which essentially works by dissuading criminals and anti-social elements from indulging in anti-social activities by rule making which deters any such action through knowledge of punishments that may result as a consequence. The Tort system is one example which assures that every person is entitled to financial claim on the other in the event of any physical harm. This ensures that people do not fight or disrupt peace over such issues. Law also results in the provision of economic growth by promoting competition. Various anti-trust laws ensure that small businesses are

A Hostile Work Environment Commerce Essay

A Hostile Work Environment Commerce Essay This compensation can come in the form of salary increase or bonus. If someone feels they are not being rewarded or even considered for an increase they very often look to move somewhere else that they can receive a higher salary. A hostile work environment is also a major reason that employees felt demotivated. When an employee feels that their work environment is not safe or that they are treated unfairly they may often look to leave. Many times they do not try to confront the situation, but instead would prefer to just avoid it which greatly dissatisfies them and which would in turn prevent the organization from retaining its employees. Problem Statement In this research study, the motivating factors which are not being implemented due to which Ufone is facing trouble to retain its employees Research Question What are the motivating factors that will lead to employee retention at Ufone? Rationale of the study The basic premise for studying the Human Resource Management Practices (HR) and Employee Retention in relation to level of motivation of employees at Ufone is to assess the importance being attached to these vital aspects by the organizations concerned and to develop an understanding of the relationship between the overall manner in which motivation has subsequent impact on the willingness of the employees to stay with the organization. Its the need of today for us to analyze the important role played by the ability of the organizations to retain competent employees for developing distinctive competencies for an organization. This report can be useful for different people for organization and employers who are planning to retain talented employees and are faced by lack of employee turnover. In todays emergent world, the Telecom industry is expanding immensely and the 2nd largest sector in Pakistan. It is essential to conduct research on telecom related topics in order to create a better understanding of the sector and help to increase the revenue generated from this sector for the government and for itself, having a positive effect on the economy too. Institutions are being reshaped to adjust to a postindustrial society. Naisbitt suggested that motivational implications are very important; most of our economy continues to shift from manufacturing to service and information jobs. In an ever raging battle of surpassing each other, organizations with distinctive competencies out perform their competitors. To gain and maintain competitive advantage an organization uses every possible mean available to it in its battery of resources. Marketers and multinationals would want their competent employees to stay within the organization, thus they would want to find out the motivating factors that lead to employee retention. The present research focuses on exploratory goals such as analyzing the motivating factors that lead to employee retention, which in turn effects the over all performance of the company. Research Objective To explore factors that lead to employee retention. To analyze if working environment plays an important role in the motivation process To access the recognition of work and its impact To analyze the amount of influence training has   when it comes to motivating employees To find out what are the challenges and bottle necks preventing Ufone from enhancing the employee productivity and in retaining talent. To find out the importance that motivation holds for employees in order to stay with-in the organization. To asses whether empowerment and delegation of authority gives an employee a sense of responsibility To explore if internal and external factor would help increase the motivation process To analyze the amount of influence that motivation at Ufone has on its employees. Scope of the study This study is restricted to the motivating factors that would lead to employee retention at Ufone. In this research secondary data is obtained from sources such as published articles and reports while primary data is gathered through interviews and questionnaires survey from the employees of Ufone. This report can be useful for Ufone, its head of departments and the institutions which would bring into light the problems and how to prevent those factors that lead to employees being demotivated and how a company can retain its employees.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW In the business world, motivation is the word used to describe the drive that impels an individual to work. A truly motivated employee is one who wants to work, if employees know what strengthens and weakens their motivation, they can often perform more effectively and help themselves find more satisfaction in their jobs. Employers also want to know what motivates their employees so that they can encourage continued peak performance (Halloran, 1986).   A lot of research has been done on the study of motivation and it can be traced back to the writing of the ancient Greek philosophers. Hedonism has given a basic assumption in the prevailing economic and social philosophies of Adam Smith, Jeremy Bentham, and John Stuart Mill who explained motivation in terms of people trying to maximize pleasure and minimize pain.   Motivation is a personal drive to act in order to satisfy ones needs. It comes from within the individual. It creates a drive to act, which may be influenced by some external stimulus. Employee retention is an important factor in an organizations ability to achieve sustained competitive advantage over a longer period of time. Besides this aspect a failure to retain competent employees leads to a numerous other problems. Retaining good employees is critical to a firms long term success. In the engineering and business markets, employee retention is extremely serious since the job market is tight and competition is very intense for candidates. The main factors in retaining employees include, corporate brand identity, employee intention to remain, organizational culture, self-esteem, need for achievement. The cost of employee turnover adds hundreds of thousands of money to a companys expenses. While it is difficult to fully calculate the cost of turnover (including hiring costs, training costs and productivity loss) industry experts often quote 25% of the average employee salary as a conservative estimate. When an employee leaves, he takes with him valuable knowledge about the company, customers, current projects and past history (sometimes to the competitors).   Often much time and money has been spent on the employee in expectation of a future return. When the employee leaves, the investment is not realized. Customers and clients do business with a company in part because of the people. Relationships are developed that encourage continued sponsor ship of the business. When and employee leaves the relationships that employee built for the company are severed which could lead to potential customer loss. If an employee resigns then good amount of time is lost in hiring a new employee and then training him/her and this goes to the loss of the company directly which many a times goes unnoticed. And even after this a company cannot assure the same efficiency from the new employee.

Human Cloning is an Ethical Nightmare Essay -- Clones Biology Ethics

Technology today is growing at an alarming rate. Things that seemed impossible only a few years ago are now a reality, and some far fetched things such as time travel, that are present in today's science fiction movies, might possibly become reality soon as well. One prevalent idea that seemed impossible a few years ago but that is now a reality is the idea of human cloning. The fantasy that some people had about having clones of themselves or of animals a few years ago is not a fantasy anymore; it is a reality. With the recent cloning of a sheep named Dolly by scientists in Scotland, the powers of cloning are becoming more prevalent. As daunting as this may seem, the human race must now face all the issues related to human cloning, and the one question that comes up amidst all of the relative confusion about the issue is this: Is human cloning a medical miracle or an ethical nightmare? As confusing and complicated as cloning may seem, it is actually a very simple idea to grasp. Garvey says, "In essence, cloning is the artificial fashioning of an identical twin, one that will be younger that its sibling" (7). Taken at surface level, the general principle of cloning is quite simple; an individual gene from a subject is isolated and transplanted in a medium, such as bacteria or yeast, and that isolated gene reproduces and multiplies, creating a clone of the original gene. The media seemed to have lumped cloning into one generalized idea, but in actuality, there are three distinct types of cloning. These three distinct types of cloning are gene cloning, cellular cloning, and whole-organism cloning. Because the media has done a poor job of distinguishing among the three different types of cloning, confusion has arisen a... ...ical code? In many cases the answer is going to be no. Such is the case with cloning. Its promises are extremely appealing, but the price that the cloned people or organs would have to pay is too great. Even though the technology may be present to actually clone things, humans must learn when to put a cap on such things. So the question remains: Is human cloning a medical miracle or an ethical nightmare? It seems obvious that the answer to that question is an ethical nightmare. There is too much at stake in this matter, as far as human life goes, to risk it all on a bunch of promises. The ethical objections far outweigh the supposed gains of this practice, and thus should not become a common practice in today's society. Humans must understand that even though something can be done, does not make that thing right, and such is the case with human cloning.

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I even commend those that go to work and do school all at the same time. That works very well for some people, but not quite for me especially online. I have to find what works for me. Career Goals I am in the mist of changing careers from the military to hopefully finding a job doing Transportation Logistics as a civilian. I believe it would be more beneficial to me to get certified rather than going a degree in this field. For instance, if had a bachelors degree in my career field would over qualify me most of the job offers they have posted. I will continue to pursue my associates degree, but most likely in a classroom setting than online.My goal from there on out is to buy my time spent in the military, so that I can retire. In order to achieve this must get a federal equivalent job. I am looking to go anywhere to make this a dream a reality. Will travel to Europe, Asia, and even cross the border into Canada. I am just looking to one have a family, and a wife I can call my very o wn. Over all, I want to live by the Twelve Principles of Islam which are: knowledge, wisdom, understanding freedom, justice, equality. We will continue with: food clothing shelter, love, peace and peppiness. I have simple reasonable goals, nothing big.Time Management Techniques My success in college solely depends on me. Know that I can procrastinate a lot, but it's not totally my fault. For me balancing work and school is very difficult. I rather do one or the other. Now with that being said, I have decided to put school on hold until I get of the army. It's not like can't manage my time. It's just that at the end of the day what time do have left to manage. Get up at 4:30 am, and return home at ten o'clock at night. This is the reason why I have late assignments, and I had to pay for extra time on his class.Us Mary In summary I have discussed my career goals, and time management problems. I think I have some realistic goals and I can accomplish them on my own terms. I really want these things for me, and know in order to get them I will have to separate myself from the military. I think it will help with my time management skill, and really bring down my stress level.

The Importance of Newspaper

Newspapers have become a daily necessity for nearly everyone, especially in the city where people have to be aware of what is happening around them. Inspite of the television or Internet giving us information on the latest occurances, most people still prefer the feel of the actual newsprint. The newspaper is indeed important as it is a powerful tool to inform the public on various issues. It has a wide coverage as the estimated number of readers is about 10 million in Malaysia alone. Important and shocking news alike are quickly known to the nation through newspaper publications. Every day, the front page news captures the attention of the public and is almost always a topic in people’s conversations. Another feature of the newspaper are the weekly or fortnightly articles written by columnists. These are the features which are able to attract a huge following of fans – people who are fascinated and interested in the writer’s stories. Special write-ups on special occasions in newspapers also help people to have a better understanding of the events. The business section of the newspaper lends a helping hand to the investors who are keen on knowing about the companies they have invested in. The comics section is a delight to the young and old alike. For the staff of newspaper companies, the journalists, especially, the newspaper is a means though which they are given a chance to voice their opinions and make their stand on many issues. For companies looking for an avenue to advertise their products, the newspaper is one of the best choices. Because of the large number of people who read the newspapers, their products will be known by many. Therefore, it can be concluded that the newspaper is important for everyone.

Why you should become a whaler....

Why you should become a whaler.... Nantucket- As the world turns each day different opportunities pass us by. We make choices, in which we think are best. Well I'm telling you right that whaling is the best choice to make.You are a man in the business of entrepreneurship, am i right? And if you are in a rut and have you ran out of ideas for new business ventures? Then why not try a hand at whaling? What would you have to lose?A lot, if you let this opportunity pass you by. Why, it could be the costliest opportunity cost of your life. Think about it, make tons of money on a sure-fire bet such as whaling or waste all your time and money on a venture that has no real good outcome for the future. Be a smart businessman and get the money you deserve.But still, remember one thing, you have to spend money to make money.Whale watchingAll you have to do is throw a little money towards the cost of the boat, a little more for provision, and a little more for the cost of labor and you're all set. In a couple of years the money yo u've invested into those stuff could double even triple from the original amount.Now whales are very scarce and hard to come by, because they are dying out, but that makes them all that much more valuable.

Wounds Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Wounds - Coursework Example On the other hand silver sulfadiazine (Silvadene) increases wound healing time as compared to honey which reduces healing process. However, silvadene has not shown any evidence in inhibition of wound infection effectively but works by inhibiting the growth of bacteria from scattering to surrounding skin or to the blood and causing blood infection.(Kaufman, 2008) Besides that, pain is not uncommon and is felt by patients from time to time and clear fluid known as aseptic exudate may also form on the wound surfaces. In this scenario, the nurse will have to uphold the patients’ use of honey for wound healing this can be attributed to the fact that honey has lesser side effects as compared to silvadene, moreover, silvadene being an antibiotic, any misuse of this drug will lead to bacterial resistance. With that in mind it will not be prudent to reinstate the use of the drug after it was stopped prematurely since this will be increasing the possibilities of bacterial resistance occurring. Lastly, the use of silver sulfadiazine (Silvadene) possess much worse side effects as compared to honey which is the reason for upholding continued use of honey as an

LEADERSHIP THEORY AND PRINCIPLES Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

LEADERSHIP THEORY AND PRINCIPLES - Term Paper Example Some of the leadership theories focus on the qualities that distinguish leaders and their followers (Bennis, 1989). In addition, other leadership theories highlight on the levels of skills and an individuals approach towards various aspects of leadership in a particular context in the society. Leadership is a core element of the society because it promotes effective organization, planning, and decision-making processes in the society. On a personal level, I take an evolved approach to leadership based on experiences in different social contexts. In this case, my personal definition of leadership is the ability to stimulate and motivate people to act towards a desired goal or vision. Leadership would not only focus on the goal or vision but also help the workers to rise to their full capabilities while accomplishing the goal or mission of an organization. In addition, effective leadership qualities are developed by establishing an individual’s weaknesses and initiating appropriate measures to promote leadership (Bennis, 1989). The establishment of the characteristics of my weaknesses in the interacting with different people in the society contributes to the development of good leadership qualities. The experience also enables me to develop effective problem-solving strategies in different social contexts. Addition, good leadership is developed through embracing of the challenges an individual faces in inter acting and resolving issues in the society (George, McLean & Craig, 2008). Leadership challenges vary depending on various aspects such as behavioral, psychological and social context. The challenges an individual faces in a particular leadership position are essential in enhancing leadership development in them. In addition, the process of overcoming some of the challenges to effective leadership is crucial in establishing a confident approach to various arguments in a particular context (George, McLean & Craig, 2008). Leadership challenges refer to