Jazz historiography - 779 Words

The rapid development of jazz in both the United States and Europe generated a number of diverse musical expressions, including musics that most listeners today would not recognize as â€Å"jazz† music. In order to remedy this situation, jazz musicians and critics after 1930 began to codify what â€Å"real† jazz encompassed, and more importantly, what â€Å"real† jazz did not encompass. This construction of authenticity, often demarcated along racial lines, served to relegate several artists and styles (those outside a â€Å"mainstream† to the margins of historiography. The issue of race is central to all discourses of jazz. Alongside race goes the problem of representation, or, who gets to play what for whom and under what circumstance. Problems of†¦show more content†¦It creates a false binary in which the only races involved in the creation or playing of jazz are black and white, thus implicitly writing European, Roma, Latin American, or other ethnic groups out of the narrative, a mistake this thesis will seek to correct by including guitarists from outside the black/white binary as valid contributors to discourse. Ideas intimately tied to issues of race and social impact is the issue of authenticity. What constitutes real (authentic) jazz and who are jazz‘s authentic players? For that matter, what are authentic jazz instruments? Authenticity is usually defined by race, ethnicity, and/or musical pedigree, though there seems to be a hierarchy at work in those definitions. of authenticity, however, are not real or absolute; they are imaginary constructs made to suit the ideological needs of fans, writers, musicians, and critics. Black musicians are usually considered to be more authentic than white musicians; however, white American musicians are more authentic than their European counterparts. While jazz might be an African-American music, it is still often viewed as being uniquely American. Europeans, in turn, are more authentic than other ethnic sub-groups, like Roma, or other nationalities. These notions of authenticity were some of the most influential factors in the shaping of jazz discourse. Pedigree, whether real or assumed,Show MoreRelatedJazz Has Been A Part Of American Culture Throughout History1372 Words   |  6 PagesJazz has been a part of American culture throughout history that is still being explored today. Jazz has a rich history that goes back many years. Jazz has also developed into many different styles that trace to places all around the world. There have been many jazz musicians throughout the years. Jazz music has a very complex, but good musical tune and instrumentation to it. Jazz had started, when musicians came to New Orleans to play, most of the people that came to play were former slaves ofRead MoreThe Music Of Jazz And Jazz Essay743 Words   |  3 PagesJazz had started, when musicians came to New Orleans to play, most of the people that came to play were former slaves of African descent. The African American people had traced their ancestry back to West Africa, and with this knowledge they began to make a new kind of genre of music called jazz, based on ancient African tribal music, that people in Africa had been played for years. Some things that the tribal music and jazz have in common is a strong drum beat, voices imitating instruments, andRead MoreSummary : On The Problem Of Musical 1936 Words   |  8 Pagesâ€Å"contrasting† by the fact that audiences today take for admit a very high level of technical capability. Webster, James. â€Å"The Century of Handel and Haydn.† In The Century of Bach and Mozart: Perspectives on Historiography, Composition, Theory, and Performance, Part IV. Issues in Historiography, edited by Sean Gallagher, Thomas Forrest Kelly, Wolff Christoph, 297-315. (Harvard publications in music; 22). Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Department of Music, 2008.. To me James WebsterRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesmundane level, migration 14 †¢ CHAPTER 1 itself has become inseparable from the daily machinery of migration control and evasion. Indeed, borders have shaped our knowledge of migration as deeply as the process of migration itself. The historiography of migration is built and fragmented around nation-centered themes such as assimilation, push-pull, national identity, debates over national legislation, and diasporas with their attachment to home nations. Enormous and inconclusive social science

The Digital Film Making Industry Essays - 787 Words

The Digital Film Making Industry Digital filmmaking is quickly changing everything about filmmaking. Everyone from professionals to amateurs are currently seeing great advancements in many aspects of the industry. Every year thousands of independent films are made. The vast majority of these films are created using digital cameras and basic home computers. A few years ago this was impossible due the sheer cost of quality 35 millimeter cameras, and extremely expensive editing equipment. Now anyone can make a relatively high quality digital film with a 1000 dollar camera and a 2000 dollar computer. With a setup like this films can be shot and edited, also special effects and CG sequences unimaginable to even professional film†¦show more content†¦Independent filmmakers are not just using the internet to distribute their movies but also selling these digital movies to film studios. Miguel Artetas Chuck and Buck was completed for about 500,000 dollars using a completely digital process. If they would have used standard 35 millimeter film it would have cost them 1.4 million dollars to shoot. They sold the movie for 1.1 million and made a nice profit of 600,000 dollars. If they would have s hot the film using 35 millimeter cameras they would have lost 300,000 dollars. Currently about 99% of all major movies are shot are done so using standard 35 millimeter film. The film is then scanned into a computer, edited and then put back on to 35 millimeter film. Each copy of the film costs about 1000 dollars to make and weighs about 70 pounds. Digital films however can be stored on large servers or in physical form in DVDs, which is much more practical, and with today’s technology hard to differentiate form analog film. Some movie studios and directors have already switched completely to digital. Digital cameras have progressed enough that their image quality is close to the traditional format. Spike Lee shot both of his 2000 films, Bamboozled and The Original Kings of Comedy using Sony digital cameras. These cameras are relatively cheap and are affordable enough for the many people to own. Even though 99%Show MoreRelated The Impact of Digital Technology on the Film Industry Essay1626 Words   |  7 PagesThe Impact of Digital Technology on the Film Industry The purpose of this research assignment is to put forward a convincing argument in how digital technology in the last four years have completely revolutionised the whole film industry. This thesis will attempt to focus on the main disciplines of film making and the impact that technology has had on each area. Firstly, this article will look at recent changes in the pre-production area of film making followed by what new equipment and storageRead MoreThe Negative Impact Of Digital Technology On The Film Industry1594 Words   |  7 Pages Digital Technology has taken over the world. We are now in the era where the access of digital technology is used at a frequent rate. As a result, digital technology has developed a major impact on the film industry. The transformation of the use of digital films has created a result of new advancement within technology, such as HD, 4K, 8K, and 3D films. With the birth of these visual technologies, it has created an eye-catching experience for the entertainment of the audience. Although the developmentRead MoreThe Evolution of Film-Making Technology1417 Words   |  6 PagesFilm Industry has been expansively affected by the changes in technology. The mechanical and digital innovations give cause to the influence of equipment, distribution and the way in which films are made and consumed. New trends shape directors and filmmakers to expand creatively towards telling stories in motions. The film industry has developed to one of the most important tools of communication, its cause so powerful affecting the way individuals and societies think, act and behave. Among theRead MoreThe Rise and Fall of Kodak Company1655 Words   |  7 Pagesa company that would inculcate these ideals and turn around the photography industry. Considering the fact that London at that time was the center of attraction for photographic business; it was a perfect place to start a new business. Eastman never let go of his vision, he received his first patent for the plate-coating machine in 1879. The plate coating machine was faster, more proficient method to get pictures on film in the camera, it began a stepping stone in creating cameras for everyday peopleRead More Digital Technology and Filmmaking Essay examples1565 Words   |  7 PagesDigital Technology and Filmmaking Since the first movies were first made, they have been shot using film of various sizes, such as 8mm, 16mm, and 35mm. Within the past few years, technology has brought digital cameras to the film industry, and now they are being used in independent and Hollywood films. The recent low budget film The Blair Witch Project was primarily filmed using a Sony VX1000 digital camera, and the movie The Celebration was totally filmed using this camera and the Canon XL-1Read MoreImpact Of Digital Media On Cinema1690 Words   |  7 PagesFoster 2011). These changes can be observed through the ways films are promoted and exhibited have also been affected by the use of digital media. The following sections will provide a detail analysis of these changes. Tryon (2009) examines the transformation of cinema to the digital form. The proliferation of new portable technologies sparked the debates about the changes in the film industry. On the one hand, there are concerns that digital media and home entertainment systems threaten the futureRead MoreKodak Vs. Digital Photography825 Words   |  4 PagesIn consumer film photography, Kodak was clearly the market-leading incumbent. Based on the information provided in the case it was certainly possible for Kodak to have become the leader in consumer digital photography if they had followed the actions described below. Kodak’s top management and its internal research team had anticipated the threat from the digital photography to their film photography business way back in 1980s. In fact, Kodak introduced the world’s first electronic image sensorRead MoreTopic: Making Movies Mean More.Introduction. Convincing1371 Words   |  6 PagesTopic: Making Movies Mean More Introduction Convincing Audiences to go for a movie in a Unique way is always being a Crucial part in Cinema History. Cinema has become a dominant medium of Creativity and communication globally. Influence of to be entertained and informed comes to consideration while thinking about a cinema’s Targeted Audience. The word Entertainment here means The Act of diverting, Amusing or Causing someone’s time to pass agreeably, something that occupies the attention agreeablyRead More Digital Film Technology Revolutionizes the Film Industry Essay1334 Words   |  6 PagesDigital Film Technology Revolutionizes the Film Industry       With the release of Star Wars: Episode I the Phantom Menace, in March of 1999, digital film technology officially filtered itself in to main-stream Hollywood. Digital film technology is the latest and probably most revolutionizing new technology to hit Hollywood.  Ã‚  The use of digital film allows for infinite editing capabilities and endless benefits to distribution and special effects.  Ã‚  The use of digital film allows for producersRead MoreAn Investigation into the Social Aspect of Digital Cinematography1420 Words   |  6 PagesTitle: An investigation into the social aspect of digital cinematography. Motion picture was developed in the 1890’s and exploded in popularity over the next 40 years. This was mainly due to it being a new form of audio and visual entertainment. Theater was popular because it was a marvel of modem technology, relatively cheap, and, above all, provided patrons with an escape from their difficult lives. It means the everyday men and women now had a place to go to relax and be entertained. This gave

Personal statement for nursing Free Essays

As the first child growing up in a Chinese family In a predominantly minority Oakland community, I watched my grandfather take countless prescribed medications for Illnesses from cancer and thyroid Issues, and being Diabetic. Noticing the medicine cabinet full of drugs made me question what exactly went on in my grandfather’s body when he took these daily medications. I attended most my grandfather’s health care appointments to translate because of his limited English or even none. We will write a custom essay sample on Personal statement for nursing or any similar topic only for you Order Now They needed my interpretation to understand the information about each drug received for my grandfather. Unable to elaborate on the physiological effects of particular drugs, however, my explanations were limited to basic side effects and indications: drowsiness or pain relief. Or the reasoning to why the medical procedure is being done to get certain tests results. As an intermediary in my grandfather’s health situation, I gained not only an acute awareness of the patient’s experience in medical interactions but also an appreciation for the nurse’s crucial role. Translating for my grandfather, I was vitiated by the passionate nurse’s knowledge of skills and explanation of procedures and education, her eagerness to consult with the patient to meet his needs. Beyond patient interactions, I gained insight into nurses’ role in communicating with doctors about what the patient want or needs. I began to understand the crucial role of communication in promoting patients’ appropriate healing process. My determination to pursue a career In Nursing remains strong, As a volunteer at Asia Healthcare Center In Oakland, I regularly Interact with low-income minority tenets experiencing challenges similar to my grandfather’s: limited education, financial need, language barriers. I play an important role in addressing patients’ clinical needs through direct interactions with them: I build rapport with patients, enabling them to trust the nurses and discuss personal issues. The nurse plays a crucial role In determining whether a patient Is able to follow through with a prescribed treatment through careful consideration of an Individuals personal circumstances and the feasibility of treatment. Lingering at Aslant Healthcare provides me fuller appreciation for the compassionate, professional communication required for effectiveness as a nurse. My commitment to developing communication skills and my passion for being a nurse has evolved through my involvement in the Oakland community, which often lacks clinical education. Working with the East Bay Asian Youth Community, an after- school program serving underprivileged students, strengthened my Interest In working closely with youth. I maintained a classroom of 10-15 teenage students, providing support in and outside of the classroom. Besides teaching basic math, I provided weekly lessons about drugs such as Ethylene to help the students understand their physiological effects. Despite the challenge of teaching these students, I realized the value of my contribution when a high school student In my class said, â€Å"l really appreciate your lesson about drugs. If not for you, I could not This experience gratified me and strengthened my resolve to pursue Nursing. As a Nurse, I desire to continue my development as a skilled, culturally competent, compassionate professional. I place a high priority on understanding the effect of patients’ personal circumstances on their ability to follow a prescribed treatment and facilitating their understanding the necessity of such treatments. In the long term, as role model to my family and as leader to the community, I want to help minorities, especially Asian immigrants, by educating them and providing effective, appropriate service to meet their needs. How to cite Personal statement for nursing, Papers

Passing a Lie Detector Test is Possible

Passing a Lie Detector Test is Possible A polygraph, widely known as a lie detector, is the test created to determine whether a person tells the truth while answering or not by means of the analysis of physiological reactions to questions. Piece of Advice How Beat a Polygraph Test A polygraph, widely known as a lie detector, is the test created to determine whether a person tells the truth while answering or not by means of the analysis of physiological reactions to questions. Despite the fact that many psychologist and scientists have been criticizing the accuracy of the test, it still remains one of the most well-known and widespread ways to detect lies. Â  The accuracy of the polygraph is pretty high, but mistakes may take place too. There is always a certain risk that truly honest people may have false positive test, and on the contrary, someone can conceal their lies and thus beat the test. Not only spies and suspects are detected by the lie detector test. The test is also used in everyday life, in particular, many employees apply it to candidates while hiring. How Does It Work? Taking the lie detector test covers not only the time when the subject is hooked up to the machine, it starts much earlier. A professional polygrapher starts observing person’s behavior as soon as he or she has entered the test room. Nonverbal signals of lying may be noticed even at this stage. Concerning the polygraph machine, it perceives and records the physiological parameters of human body such as blood pressure, pulse rate, perspiration and breathing rate. The most innovative machines also include brain MRI. The person is asked irrelevant, diagnostic and relevant questions, when the machine records physiological responses, after that these responses are compared in order to identify lies. During the test the person may be asked to deliberately lie, as it helps to determine baseline, besides questions may be repeated for several times. In total, one to three hours are basically required to complete the test, it covers all necessary stages background assessment, medical h istory, test explanation, actual polygraph, and next steps. How Medicines and Medical Conditions Affect the Test All these factors can have an impact on the results of the polygraph test, for that reason the subjects have to take drug test and screening questionnaire before the lie detector test. Many types of drugs, antihypertensive and anti-anxiety medications, sleep aids, allergy and cough remedies can affect heart rate and blood pressure, and this can lead to inconclusive results of the polygraph. The use of the polygraph is also limited for pregnant women, mentally incompetent people and people with mental illness. Advice How to Beat the Polygraph Test There is a huge number of advice in Internet how to beat the test, but frankly speaking, their efficiency doesn’t always justify expectations. For that reason let’s not waste time and focus on the most effective and (what’s more important) reliable points. Specialists argue there are two main rules of beating the polygraph, they seem pretty simple, but in practice they are difficult to follow: The subject should be completely calm (someone could call this condition – to be zen);During the test the subject should be distraught and confused. To control emotions is the most crucial and at the same time the hardest thing, as many people feel nervous while taking the polygraph test. Physical responses can’t fool the machine, that’s why you have to deal with your emotions. If you want to succeed, you should be down, upset and fearful. Internal excitement can’t break out. Your aim is to control your own emotional condition – remember the worst situation in your life that makes you stressed. If you are afraid of one particular question, imagine that every question is that question. Even if you are accused of lying, use it in order to feel upset.Wait before answering. Classify questions on irrelevant (usually to confirm your name), relevant (the most important ones, include the essence of the whole test) and diagnostic (you would like to lie, but it’s better to tell the truth, e.g. Have you ever lied to your paretns?)Control your breathing. You should change your breathing at control questions and return to normal breathing before answering the next one.Answer clearly and firmly, without humor and hesitations.Give yes/no answers where it’s possible. Give details and explanations, but never explain your answers.

Bohr Model of the Atom - Overview and Examples

Bohr Model of the Atom s The Bohr Model has an atom consisting of a small, positively-charged nucleus orbited by negatively-charged electrons. Heres a closer look at the Bohr Model, which is sometimes called the Rutherford-Bohr Model. Overview of the Bohr Model Niels Bohr proposed the Bohr Model of the Atom in 1915. Because the Bohr Model is a modification of the earlier Rutherford Model, some people call Bohrs Model the Rutherford-Bohr Model. The modern model of the atom is based on quantum mechanics. The Bohr Model contains some errors, but it is important because it describes most of the accepted features of atomic theory without all of the high-level math of the modern version. Unlike earlier models, the Bohr Model explains the Rydberg formula for the spectral emission lines of atomic hydrogen. The Bohr Model is a planetary model in which the negatively-charged electrons orbit a small, positively-charged nucleus similar to the planets orbiting the Sun (except that the orbits are not planar). The gravitational force of the solar system is mathematically akin to the Coulomb (electrical) force between the positively-charged nucleus and the negatively-charged electrons. Main Points of the Bohr Model Electrons orbit the nucleus in orbits that have a set size and energy.The energy of the orbit is related to its size. The lowest energy is found in the smallest orbit.Radiation is absorbed or emitted when an electron moves from one orbit to another. Bohr Model of Hydrogen The simplest example of the Bohr Model is for the hydrogen atom (Z 1) or for a hydrogen-like ion (Z 1), in which a negatively-charged electron orbits a small positively-charged nucleus. Electromagnetic energy will be absorbed or emitted if an electron moves from one orbit to another. Only certain electron orbits are permitted. The radius of the possible orbits increases as n2, where n is the principal quantum number. The 3 → 2 transition produces the first line of the Balmer series. For hydrogen (Z 1) this produces a photon having wavelength 656 nm (red light). Bohr Model for Heavier Atoms Heavier atoms contain more protons in the nucleus than the hydrogen atom. More electrons were required to cancel out the positive charge of all of these protons. Bohr believed each electron orbit could only hold a set number of electrons. Once the level was full, additional electrons would be bumped up to the next level. Thus, the Bohr model for heavier atoms described electron shells. The model explained some of the atomic properties of heavier atoms, which had never been reproduced before. For example, the shell model explained why atoms got smaller moving across a period (row) of the periodic table, even though they had more protons and electrons. It also explained why the noble gases were inert and why atoms on the left side of the periodic table attract electrons, while those on the right side lose them. However, the model assumed electrons in the shells didnt interact with each other and couldnt explain why electrons seemed to stack in an irregular manner. Problems with the Bohr Model It violates the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle because it considers electrons to have both a known radius and orbit.The Bohr Model provides an incorrect value for the ground state orbital angular momentum.It makes poor predictions regarding the spectra of larger atoms.It does not predict the relative intensities of spectral lines.The Bohr Model does not explain fine structure and hyperfine structure in spectral lines.It does not explain the Zeeman Effect. Refinements and Improvements to the Bohr Model The most prominent refinement to the Bohr model was the Sommerfeld model, which is sometimes called the Bohr-Sommerfeld model. In this model, electrons travel in elliptical orbits around the nucleus rather than in circular orbits. The Sommerfeld model was better at explaining atomic spectral effects, such the Stark effect in spectral line splitting. However, the model couldnt accommodate the magnetic quantum number. Ultimately, the Bohr model and models based upon it were replaced Wolfgang Paulis model based on quantum mechanics in 1925. That model was improved to produce the modern model, introduced by Erwin Schrodinger in 1926. Today, the behavior of the hydrogen atom is explained using wave mechanics to describe atomic orbitals. Sources Lakhtakia, Akhlesh; Salpeter, Edwin E. (1996). Models and Modelers of Hydrogen. American Journal of Physics. 65 (9): 933. Bibcode:1997AmJPh..65..933L. doi:10.1119/1.18691Linus Carl Pauling (1970). Chapter 5-1.  General Chemistry  (3rd ed.). San Francisco: W.H. Freeman Co. ISBN 0-486-65622-5.Niels Bohr (1913). On the Constitution of Atoms and Molecules, Part I (PDF). Philosophical Magazine. 26 (151): 1–24. doi:10.1080/14786441308634955Niels Bohr (1914). The spectra of helium and hydrogen. Nature. 92 (2295): 231–232. doi:10.1038/092231d0

How to Make a Fruit Battery

How to Make a Fruit Battery If you have a piece of fruit, a couple of nails, and some wire, then you can generate enough electricity to turn on a light bulb. Making a fruit battery is fun, safe, and easy. What You Need To make the battery you will need: Citrus fruit (e.g., lemon, lime, orange, grapefruit)Copper nail, screw, or wire (about 2 in. or 5 cm long)Zinc nail or screw or galvanized nail (about 2 in. or 5 cm long)Small holiday light with 2 in. or 5 cm leads (enough wire to connect it to the nails) Make a Fruit Battery Heres how to make the battery: Set the fruit on a table and gently roll it around to soften it up. You want the juice to be flowing inside the fruit without breaking its skin. Alternatively, you can squeeze the fruit with your hands.Insert the zinc and copper nails into the fruit so that they are about 2 inches (5 centimeters) apart. Dont let them touch each other. Avoid puncturing through the end of the fruit.Remove enough insulation from the leads of the light (about 1 in. or 2.5 cm) so that you can wrap one lead around the zinc nail and the other lead around the copper nail. You can use electrical tape or alligator clips to keep the wire from falling off the nails.When you connect the second nail, the light will turn on. How a Lemon Battery Works Here are  the science and chemical reactions regarding a lemon battery (you can try making batteries from other fruits and from vegetables): The copper and zinc metals act as positive and negative battery terminals (cathodes and anodes).The zinc metal reacts with the acidic lemon juice (mostly from citric acid) to produce zinc ions (Zn2) and electrons (2 e-). The zinc ions go  into solution in the lemon juice while the electrons remain on the metal.The wires of the small light bulb are electrical conductors. When they are used to connect the copper and zinc, the electrons that have built upon the zinc flow into the wire. The flow of electrons is current or electricity. Its what powers small electronics or lights a light bulb.Eventually, the electrons make it to the copper. If the electrons didnt go any farther, theyd eventually build up so that there wouldnt be a potential difference between the zinc and the copper. If this happened, the flow of electricity would stop. However, that wont happen because the copper is in contact with the lemon.The electrons accumulating on the copper terminal react with hydrogen ions (H) floating free in the acidic juice to form hydrogen atoms. The hydrogen atoms bond to each other to form hydrogen gas. More Science Here are additional opportunities for research: Citrus fruits are acidic, which helps their juices to conduct electricity. What other fruits and vegetables might you try that would work as batteries?If you have a multimeter, you can measure the current produced by the battery. Compare the effectiveness of different types of fruit. See what happens as you change the distance between the nails.Do acidic fruits always work better? Measure the pH (acidity) of the fruit juice and compare that with the current through the wires or brightness of the light bulb.Compare the electricity generated by fruit with that of juices. Liquids you can test include orange juice, lemonade, and pickle brine.

The Group Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Group Project - Essay Example polycentric strategy and the geocentric strategy (Tiwari 2013); the ethnocentric strategy entails applying the parent company’s HR practices in the host countries while the polycentric strategy involves recruiting local staff and adopting the host nation’s HR practices (Reiche 2006). Contrariwise, the geocentric strategy entails simply paying attention on the skills of the employees and adopting the best HR practices that serve the MNCs purposes, regardless of their nationality. Given that all these HR selection and recruitment strategies have their unique pros and cons, MNCs often make a choice, on which one to use based on numerous considerations (Banai & Sama 2000); these include the nature of businesses they engage in, their organizational strategy, and leadership structure, in addition to their previous experiences. The company that applies the polycentric strategy in the selection and promotion of its international human resources usually goes by the assumption that every country is unique from all the others and its foreign subsidiaries must adapt practices that are locally appropriate to every market through the direction and supervision of local managers. The Atlanta-based soft drink giant Coca Cola has managed to build both a global organization and a multi-local enterprise whose internationalization strategy entails adapting to local needs, laws and cultures through polycentric policies. The company has a global presence in more than 200 countrie s and in all its global subsidiaries, the company strives to employ as many local nationals as possible because it considers the HCNs to be more suitable to the home markets (Anfuso 1994). Traditionally, the polycentric approach to the selection and promotion of employees in the management of international subsidiaries entails low costs of recruitment and training (Tiwari 2013). Similarly, the polycentric approach is mired with lesser adjustment and communication challenges, primarily because all the